LONDON — Britain and the world said a final goodbye to Queen Elizabeth II at a state funeral Monday that drew presidents and kings, princes and prime ministers — and crowds who massed along the streets of London to honor a monarch whose 70-year reign defined an age.
In a country known for pomp and pageantry, the first state funeral since Winston Churchill’s was filled with spectacle: Ahead of the service, a bell tolled 96 times — once a minute for each year of Elizabeth’s life. Then, 142 Royal Navy sailors used ropes to draw the gun carriage carrying her flag-draped coffin to Westminster Abbey before pallbearers bore it inside the church, where around 2,000 people ranging from world leaders to health care workers gathered to mourn her.
The trappings of state and monarchy abounded: The coffin was draped with the Royal Standard and atop it sat the Imperial State Crown, sparkling with almost 3,000 diamonds, and the sovereign’s orb and scepter.
But the personal was also present: The coffin was followed into the church by generations of Elizabeth’s descendants, including King Charles III, heir to the throne Prince William and 9-year-old George, who is second in line. On a wreath atop the coffin, a handwritten note read, “In loving and devoted memory,” and was signed Charles R — for Rex, or king.
The State Gun Carriage carries the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II, draped in the Royal Standard with the Imperial State Crown and the Sovereign’s orb and sceptre, in the Ceremonial Procession following her State Funeral at Westminster Abbey, in London on September 19, 2022. (Photo by Zac Goodwin/AFP via Getty Images)
People watch the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II at The Queen Vic pub in Washington, DC, on September 19, 2022. (Photo by Stefani Reynolds/AFP via Getty Images)
The Procession following the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II, aboard the State Hearse, arrives at The Long Walk in Windsor on September 19, 2022, to make its final journey to Windsor Castle after the State Funeral Service of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II. (Photo by Aaron Chown/AFP via Getty Images)
King Charles III and members of the Royal family follow behind the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II, draped in the Royal Standard with the Imperial State Crown and the Sovereign’s orb and sceptre, as it is carried out of Westminster Abbey after her State Funeral, in London, Monday Sept. 19, 2022. The Queen, who died aged 96 on Sept. 8, will be buried at Windsor alongside her late husband, Prince Philip, who died last year. (Danny Lawson/Pool Photo via AP)
French President Emmanuel Macron (R) and his wife Brigitte Macron arrive at Westminster Abbey in London on September 19, 2022, for the State Funeral Service for Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II. (Photo by Marco Bertorello/AFP via Getty Images)
The royal corgis await the cortege on the day of the state funeral and burial of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth, at Windsor Castle, Monday Sept. 19, 2022. (Peter Nicholls/Pool Photo via AP)
The coffin of Queen Elizabeth is carried into the Westminster Abbey on the day of her state funeral and burial, on September 19, 2022 in London, England. (Photo by Hannah McKay/Getty Images)
King Charles III and Anne, Princess Royal walk behind the State Hearse ahead of the Committal Service for Queen Elizabeth II at Windsor Castle on September 19, 2022 in Windsor, England. The committal service at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, took place following the state funeral at Westminster Abbey. A private burial in The King George VI Memorial Chapel followed. Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland on September 8, 2022, and is succeeded by her eldest son, King Charles III. (Photo by Leon Neal/Getty Images)
Camilla, Queen Consort, Princess Charlotte of Wales, Prince George of Wales and Catherine, Princess of Wales arrive at Windsor Castle for The Committal Service for Queen Elizabeth II on September 19, 2022 in Windsor, England. The committal service at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, took place following the state funeral at Westminster Abbey. A private burial in The King George VI Memorial Chapel followed. Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland on September 8, 2022, and is succeeded by her eldest son, King Charles III. (Photo by Ryan Pierse/Getty Images)
A woman reacts in Hyde Park while watching the State Funeral Service of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II on giant screens, Monday, Sept. 19, 2022 in London. The Queen, who died aged 96 on Sept. 8, will be buried at Windsor alongside her late husband, Prince Philip, who died last year. (AP Photo/Lewis Joly)
Britain’s King Charles III, left, and Camilla, the Queen Consort follow the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II as it is carried out of Westminster Abbey during her funeral in central London, Monday, Sept. 19, 2022. The Queen, who died aged 96 on Sept. 8, will be buried at Windsor alongside her late husband, Prince Philip, who died last year. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein, Pool)
People react as the State Gun Carriage carrying the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II pass by during the Ceremonial Procession following her State Funeral at Westminster Abbey, London, Monday Sept. 19, 2022. (Mike Egerton/Pool Photo via AP)
Buckingham Palace household staff return through the gates of Buckingham Palace after paying their respects during the State Funeral of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II in London on September 19, 2022. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/AFP via Getty Images)
The coffin is placed near the altar at the State Funeral of Queen Elizabeth II, held at Westminster Abbey, in London on September 19, 2022. (Photo by Gareth Fuller/AFP via Getty Images)
A Bearer Party of The Queen’s Company, 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards carries the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II, draped in the Royal Standard, from the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy into Westminster Abbey in London on September 19, 2022, during of the State Funeral Service. (Photo by Danny Lawson/AFP via Getty Images)
Britain’s Prince William, Prince of Wales (L) and Britain’s Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (R) attend the State Funeral of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II in London on September 19, 2022. (Photo by Hannah McKayAFP via Getty Images)
(From Left) Britain’s King Charles III, Britain’s Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, Britain’s Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Britain’s Prince William, Prince of Wales join the Procession following the coffin of Queen Elizabeth II, aboard the State Hearse, in the Quadrangle inside Windsor Castle on September 19, 2022, ahead of the Committal Service for Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II. (Photo by Glyn Kirk/AFP via Getty Images)
Britain’s Meghan, Duchess of Sussex sits in a car as she attends Britain’s Queen Elizabeth state funeral and burial, in London, Britain, September 19, 2022. (Photo by Marko Djurica/AFP via Getty Images)
The Queen’s funeral cortege borne on the State Gun Carriage of the Royal Navy travels along The Mall with the Gentlemen at Arms on September 19, 2022 in London, England. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/AFP via Getty Images)
(L) Princess Haya bint Hussein and guests arrive at Windsor Castle for The Committal Service for Queen Elizabeth II on September 19, 2022 in Windsor, England. The committal service at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, took place following the state funeral at Westminster Abbey. A private burial in The King George VI Memorial Chapel followed. Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland on September 8, 2022, and is succeeded by her eldest son, King Charles III. (Photo by Leon Neal/Getty Images)
Princess Charlotte of Wales arrives at Windsor Castle for The Committal Service For Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on September 19, 2022 in Windsor, England. The committal service at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, took place following the state funeral at Westminster Abbey. A private burial in The King George VI Memorial Chapel followed. Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland on September 8, 2022, and is succeeded by her eldest son, King Charles III. (Photo by Leon Neal/Getty Images)
The coffin of Queen Elizabeth II is carried in The state hearse as it proceeds towards St. George’s Chapel on September 19, 2022 in Windsor, England. The committal service at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, took place following the state funeral at Westminster Abbey. A private burial in The King George VI Memorial Chapel followed. Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle in Scotland on September 8, 2022, and is succeeded by her eldest son, King Charles III. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images)
A member of the Coldstream Guards is seen walking past a bed of flowers during the State Funeral of Queen Elizabeth II on September 19, 2022 in London, England. (Photo by Ryan Pierse/AFP via Getty Images)
An image of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II is placed amongst flower tributes as people gather outside the British Consulate in Hong Kong on September 19, 2022, while her funeral was taking place in London. (Photo by Peter Parks/AFP via Getty Images)